D 临床资料显示,妊娠头3个月使用甲氨蝶呤对胎儿具有致畸作用。如头颅较正常胎儿大,颅缝早闭,前囟门过大,眼距及鼻梁宽大等。尽管有致畸的病例报道,临床也有妊娠头3个月使用该药而胎儿正常的报道。临床资料提示,甲氨蝶呤的致畸作用具有剂量依赖性,使用大于10mg/kg 的剂量可提高该药致畸的危险性。一项临床报道观察了5例妊娠3个月后使用该药的报道,无一胎儿出现畸形。一项研究随访了9例母亲妊娠期间有用药史的病例,结果显示在随访的3~19年中,9例均表现正常的身体、智力发育,无细胞遗传方面的异常。尽管转运至母乳中的药物含量不高,但该药可在胎儿体内聚集,因此使用该药的哺乳期妇女应严格禁止哺乳。 [1]Milunsky A,Graef JW,Gaynor MF,et al.Methotrexate-induced con genital malformations.J Pediatr.1968;72∶790-795 [2]Powel HR,Ekert H.Methotrexate-induced congenital malformations. Med J Aust.1971;2∶1076-1107 [3]Warkany J.Teratogenicity of folic acid antagonists.Cancer Bul .1981;33∶76-77 [4]Buckley LM,Bul aboy CA,Leichtman L,et al.Myltiple congenital ab normalies associated with weekly low-dose methotrexate treatment of the mother.Arthritis &Rheumatism.1997;40∶971-973 [5]Dara P,Slater LM,Armentrout SA.Successful pregnancy during chemo therapy for acute leukaemia.Cancer 1981;47∶845-846 [6]Feliu J,Juarez S,Ordonez A,et al.Acute leukaemia and pregnancy. Cancer.1988;61∶580-584 [7]Aviles A,Diaz-Maqueo JC,Talavera A,et al.Growth and development of children of mothers treated with chemotherapy during pregnancy:cur rent status of 43 children.Am J Hematol.1991;36∶243-248 [8]Commit ee on drugs.American Academy of Pediatrics.The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk.Pediatrics.1994;93∶137-150
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