经皮肝穿胆道造影( percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography , PTC )及引流( percutaneous transhepatic cholangeal drainage , PTCD ) : PTC指经皮肤肝穿刺胆道造影。PTCD指经皮肤肝穿刺胆道造影基础上行胆道引流。术后应每天用含0.1%卡那霉素的生理盐水冲洗引流管1~2次,以保持导管引流通畅,防止引流管被胆石、黏液或血块阻塞。梗阻性黄疸时淤疸的肝脏经胆管引流后,肝脏缩小常致固定不牢,易导致引流管脱落, ......