星形胶质细胞能合成释放脑源性神经营养因子(brain‐derived neurotrophic factor,BD NF)、胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(glial cell line‐derived neur otrophic factor,GDNF)、神经生长因子(nerve growth factor。TGF‐β)、胶质细胞成熟因子(glia maturation factor)、内皮素(endot helin)、白细胞介素. ......