参考文献：26 Ⅲ期直肠癌的术前放化疗后直肠全系膜切除

Influence of the interval between preoperative radiation therapy and surgery on downstaging and on the rate of sphincter saving surgery for rectal cancer：the Lyon R 90-01 randomized trial .J clin oncol，1999，17：2396-2402.Preoperative chemoradiotherapy versus preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients：assessment of acute toxicity and treatment compliance .Enker WE，Thaler HT，Cranor ML，et al，Total mesorectal excision in the operative treatment of carcinoma of the rectum .Pathol Oncol Res . 2009 Sep.